The Imams

Hammad ibn Usamah — d. 201H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

an-Nadr ibn Shumayl — d. 203H

Among the foremost hadith authorities of Kufah, relied upon by the major imams of narration.
A precise and dependable transmitter whose narrations were accepted by leading critics.
Known for firmness upon the Sunnah and open opposition to people of innovation.
Transmitted extensively from senior tabi‘in and early scholars.
Played a central role in preserving early Kufan hadith transmission.

an-Nadr ibn Shumayl — d. 203H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

an-Nadr ibn Shumayl — d. 203H

Recognized authority in the Arabic language, especially rare expressions and vocabulary.
Relied upon to clarify difficult wording found in hadith and early reports.
Teacher of Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari in language and terminology.
Combined hadith transmission with linguistic precision, safeguarding correct meanings.
Preserved essential tools needed for accurate understanding of prophetic reports.

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

Among the greatest imams in hadith and fiqh, distinguished by methodological clarity.
Established clear principles for weighing evidence and reconciling texts based on proof.
Firmly upheld that authentic Sunnah takes precedence over opinion and custom.
Authored al-Risalah, clarifying the foundations of legal reasoning from revealed texts.
His students preserved and transmitted his fiqh, from which his school later became known.

Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi — d. 204H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

Among the earliest imams to compile hadith extensively in Musnad form.
Preserved narrations arranged by Companion before later systematic compilations.
A senior transmitter relied upon by later hadith authorities.
Collected chains early, before their widespread circulation.
His Musnad safeguarded a large body of early hadith material.

Wahb ibn Jarir — d. 206H

Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi — d. 204H

Yazid ibn Harun — d. 206H

Trusted hadith transmitter known for accuracy and careful preservation.
Preserved and transmitted the narrations of his father Jarir ibn Hazim.
Relied upon by major critics for precision rather than abundance.
A key link in several early transmission chains.
Known for caution and restraint in narration.

Yazid ibn Harun — d. 206H

Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi — d. 204H

Yazid ibn Harun — d. 206H

Among the greatest hadith memorizers of his generation.
Widely praised for combining knowledge with worship and fear of Allah.
Known for firmness against innovation and refusal to compromise in belief.
Travelled extensively in pursuit of hadith.
Relied upon by the leading imams of narration and criticism.

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

Author of al-Musannaf, one of the earliest and most comprehensive hadith compilations by topic.
Preserved vast numbers of narrations from the Companions and tabi‘in.
A primary teacher of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who relied heavily on his narrations.
His work records early legal practice and verdicts of the Salaf.
Considered a foundational source for hadith-based fiqh.

Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Firyabi — d. 212H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

Known for firmness upon the Sunnah and clarity in matters of belief.
Strongly opposed theological deviation, particularly the Jahmiyyah.
Relied upon for both hadith transmission and creed-related statements.
Frequently cited by later imams when affirming early positions.
Represented the model of combining narration with defense of the truth.

al-Makki ibn Ibrahim — d. 214H / 215H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

al-Makki ibn Ibrahim — d. 214H / 215H

Among the senior teachers of Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, from whom he narrated extensively.
A highly reliable transmitter, trusted by the major imams of hadith criticism.
Known for precision in narration and firmness in transmission.
Played a key role in passing down early hadith material to the next generation.
His narrations form an important layer in the chains of the major collections.

‘Affan ibn Muslim — d. 219H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

al-Makki ibn Ibrahim — d. 214H / 215H

A leading hadith authority, relied upon by Ahmad ibn Hanbal and others.
Known for exceptional accuracy and trustworthiness in narration.
Transmitted from major early imams, including Hammad ibn Salamah.
Firmly upheld the Sunnah and avoided people of innovation.
His narrations are foundational in several major hadith works.

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

Among the closest teachers of Imam al-Shafi‘i, preserving his hadith and understanding.
Author of a Musnad, preserving early prophetic narrations.
Played a key role in transmitting Shafi‘i methodology and hadith together.
Known for strong adherence to the Sunnah and rejection of speculative theology.
His narrations were relied upon by al-Bukhari and other major compilers.

Abu ‘Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam — d. 224H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

Among the most versatile imams, combining hadith, fiqh, language, and Qur’anic sciences.
Authored foundational works on gharib al-hadith and legal issues.
Played a major role in clarifying difficult terminology found in narrations.
Relied upon by later scholars across multiple disciplines.
Preserved early scholarly understanding through disciplined transmission.

Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam — d. 224H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam — d. 224H

Leading hadith authority of Egypt in his time.
One of the primary transmitters from Malik ibn Anas.
Relied upon by al-Bukhari, Muslim, and other major compilers.
Known for careful preservation of chains and narrations.
His transmissions form a central conduit for Egyptian hadith material.

Sulayman ibn Harb — d. 224H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam — d. 224H

Among the major hadith imams of his generation, widely relied upon.
A teacher of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Yahya ibn Ma‘in.
Known for firmness upon the Sunnah and clarity in belief.
Highly trusted in both narration and judgment of reports.
His narrations appear extensively in the major hadith collections.

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Author of Sunan Sa‘id ibn Mansur, among the earliest hadith compilations by topic.
Preserved large numbers of narrations from the Companions and tabi‘in.
His work is a primary source for early legal practice and verdicts.
Relied upon by later imams for early fiqh evidence.
Combined hadith preservation with careful organization.

Ahmad ibn Yunus — d. 227H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Highly reliable hadith transmitter, praised by Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Yahya ibn Ma‘in.
Known for precision and strength in narration.
Transmitted from major early authorities, preserving important chains.
Avoided innovation and adhered strictly to the Sunnah.
His narrations were accepted by the leading critics of hadith.

Nu‘aym ibn Hammad — d. 228H / 229H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Among the earliest imams to author works refuting theological deviation, particularly the Jahmiyyah.
A senior hadith authority whose narrations were taken by major compilers.
Played a critical role in early defense of the Sunnah in creed-related matters.
Transmitted extensively from the imams of his era.
Though firm against innovation, later scholars distinguished between his role in creed and scrutiny of some narrations, preserving methodological balance.

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

One of the closest and most trusted students of Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i.
Chief transmitter of al-Shafi‘i’s fiqh and methodology after him.
Imprisoned for refusing to submit to theological coercion during the Mihnah.
Known for firmness upon the Sunnah and patience under trial.
Through him, much of al-Shafi‘i’s fiqh was preserved accurately.

Yahya ibn Ma‘in — d. 233H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

Among the greatest imams of jarh wa ta‘dil in Islamic history.
Memorized hundreds of thousands of narrations and their transmitters.
Travelled extensively for hadith solely to verify narrator reliability.
Relied upon by al-Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and others.
His critical assessments became foundational for later hadith methodology.

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

The greatest authority of his time in ‘ilal al-hadith (hidden defects).
Primary teacher of Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari in hadith criticism.
Known for unmatched insight into chains, variants, and narrator subtleties.
Authored works that shaped how hadith criticism was later understood.
Considered the reference point for technical hadith analysis.

Ibn Abi Shaybah — d. 235H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

Ishaq ibn Rahawayh — d. 238H

Author of al-Musannaf, one of the largest early hadith compilations.
Preserved vast numbers of narrations from Companions and tabi‘in.
His work documents early legal practice and scholarly verdicts.
A key source for understanding pre-madhhab fiqh.
Relied upon by major hadith scholars, including Imam Muslim.

Ishaq ibn Rahawayh — d. 238H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

Ishaq ibn Rahawayh — d. 238H

Among the greatest imams combining hadith mastery and fiqh reasoning.
A teacher of al-Bukhari, Muslim, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
Strong advocate of deriving rulings directly from hadith.
Known for clarity in creed and firmness upon the Sunnah.
His opinions influenced later hadith-based jurisprudence.

Qutaybah ibn Sa‘id — d. 240H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

One of the most important transmitters of hadith to the next generation.
Teacher of al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, and al-Nasa’i.
Known for longevity in teaching and consistency in narration.
His chains appear widely across the six major collections.
Served as a bridge between early and later hadith imams.

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

A leading imam in hadith-based fiqh, independent in legal reasoning.
Close companion of al-Shafi‘i and transmitter of his views.
Known for rejecting blind following when evidence was clear.
Combined narration with direct derivation from texts.
His juristic positions were cited by later scholars of fiqh and hadith.

Ahmad ibn Hanbal — d. 241H

Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari — d. 256H

Ahmad ibn Hanbal — d. 241H

Imam of the people of hadith of his time and the foremost reference during the Mihnah.
Maintained firmness upon the Sunnah under imprisonment and punishment without compromise.
Author of al-Musnad, preserving tens of thousands of narrations arranged by Companion.
Combined vast hadith memorization with deep caution in issuing legal verdicts.
His students preserved his statements and methodology, from which his fiqh was later codified.

Imam ad-Darimi — d. 255H

Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari — d. 256H

Ahmad ibn Hanbal — d. 241H

Author of Sunan ad-Darimi, among the earliest organized hadith collections.
Preserved narrations with strong chains and careful selection.
Teacher of Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
Known for clarity in belief and refutation of deviation through transmitted proof.
Served as a bridge between early hadith transmission and later major compilations.

Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari — d. 256H

Author of Sahih al-Bukhari, the most authentic book after the Qur’an.
Established the strictest known criteria for accepting hadith.
Travelled extensively to verify narrations directly from their sources.
Combined mastery of narration with precision in chapter headings and legal inference.
Became the reference point for hadith authenticity across generations.

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj — d. 261H

Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari — d. 256H

Author of Sahih Muslim, distinguished by precision and systematic arrangement.
Preserved variant chains and wordings with clarity and discipline.
Student of al-Bukhari and other major hadith authorities.
His methodology clarified how authentic narrations support legal and doctrinal evidence.
His collection became a foundational source alongside Sahih al-Bukhari.

al-Muzani — d. 264H

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj — d. 261H

Abu Zur‘ah al-Razi — d. 264H

Closest and most important student of Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i.
Preserved and transmitted al-Shafi‘i’s fiqh with clarity and accuracy.
Authored Mukhtasar al-Muzani, the primary vehicle for later Shafi‘i jurisprudence.
Known for precision in understanding his teacher’s methodology.
Through his likes, al-Shafi‘i’s legal reasoning was systematically preserved.

Abu Zur‘ah al-Razi — d. 264H

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj — d. 261H

Abu Zur‘ah al-Razi — d. 264H

Among the greatest imams of hadith criticism and narrator evaluation.
Travelled extensively solely to verify chains and assess transmitters.
Consulted by leading scholars regarding hadith authenticity.
Known for firmness in rejecting weak or unreliable narrations.
His judgments became a foundation for later hadith criticism.

Ibn Majah — d. 273H

Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinawari — d. 275H / 276H

Abu Dawud al-Sijistani — d. 275H

Author of Sunan Ibn Majah, completing the six major hadith collections.
Preserved narrations not found in the other Sunan works.
Travelled widely seeking hadith and collecting chains.
His work broadened access to legal and devotional narrations.
Later scholars carefully distinguished the strength of its reports.

Abu Dawud al-Sijistani — d. 275H

Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinawari — d. 275H / 276H

Abu Dawud al-Sijistani — d. 275H

Author of Sunan Abi Dawud, focused on narrations related to legal rulings.
Selected hadith most relevant for fiqh, even when multiple chains existed.
Travelled extensively collecting narrations from the leading imams.
Clarified levels of authenticity through inclusion and omission.
His Sunan became a primary reference for jurists.

Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinawari — d. 275H / 276H

Among the leading imams who defended the Sunnah using transmitted knowledge and Arabic clarity.
Authored works refuting people of speculation and defending the methodology of the Salaf.
Combined hadith, language, tafsir, and history with clear evidentiary grounding.
Known for exposing errors caused by misinterpretation of texts.
His writings were repeatedly cited by later imams in creed and hadith-related matters.

Abu Hatim al-Razi — d. 277H

‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id ad-Darimi as-Sijzi — d. 280H

Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinawari — d. 275H / 276H

One of the greatest authorities in jarh wa ta‘dil without dispute.
Travelled extensively for the sole purpose of evaluating narrators and chains.
Known for extreme precision and caution in declaring narrations sound.
Consulted by the major imams regarding hadith reliability.
His assessments formed a backbone for later hadith criticism.

al-Tirmidhi — d. 279H

‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id ad-Darimi as-Sijzi — d. 280H

Author of Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi, unique for combining hadith with scholarly evaluation.
Clarified levels of authenticity and recorded juristic practice alongside narrations.
Student of Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, influenced by his methodology.
His work explains areas of agreement and difference among early scholars.
Became essential for understanding how hadith were applied by the Salaf.

‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id ad-Darimi as-Sijzi — d. 280H

Among the foremost imams in refuting theological deviation through textual proof.
Authored clear refutations against the Jahmiyyah using Qur’an, Sunnah, and reports of the Salaf.
Combined hadith knowledge with strong grounding in creed.
Known for firmness and clarity without speculative reasoning.
His works were cited extensively by later imams of Sunnah.

Harb al-Kirmani — d. 280H

Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Harbi — d. 285H

Ibn Abi al-Dunya — d. 281H

Close companion and student of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
Preserved the creed and methodology of the people of hadith during times of trial.
Authored works summarizing early positions on belief and Sunnah.
Known for clarity in transmitting the stances of the Salaf.
His narrations and statements were relied upon by later Hanbali scholars.

Ibn Abi al-Dunya — d. 281H

Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Harbi — d. 285H

Ibn Abi al-Dunya — d. 281H

Prolific compiler preserving narrations related to zuhd, manners, and the heart.
Authored numerous works collecting hadith and reports of the early generations.
Preserved practical guidance rooted in transmitted texts.
His compilations were used by later scholars for admonition and instruction.
Played a key role in preserving the ethical teachings of the Salaf.

Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Harbi — d. 285H

Among the leading imams of hadith and fiqh of his era.
Known for deep understanding of narrations and their applications.
Student of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and transmitter of his methodology.
Authored works in hadith, language, and legal reasoning.
Recognized for accuracy and breadth of knowledge.

Imam al-Bazzar — d. 290H / 292H

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari — d. 310H

Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Harbi — d. 285H

Author of Musnad al-Bazzar, preserving many rare and lesser-known narrations.
Known for identifying defects and commenting on the strength of reports.
His Musnad complements other large hadith collections of the era.
Preserved variant chains absent from other compilations.
Relied upon by later scholars for additional hadith evidence.

al-Nasa’i — d. 303H

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari — d. 310H

Author of as-Sunan al-Kubra and al-Mujtaba, among the most precise hadith collections.
Known for exceptionally strict standards in narrator reliability and chain integrity.
Distinguished between varying strengths of narrations with clarity.
Travelled extensively to gather hadith directly from senior authorities.
His selections reflect careful avoidance of weak and disputed transmitters.

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari — d. 310H

Imam in tafsir whose explanations relied upon transmitted reports from the early generations.
Author of Tafsir al-Tabari, foundational for understanding Qur’anic interpretation through athar.
Preserved variant explanations with chains, allowing scholars to weigh evidence.
Also an authority in history and legal reasoning grounded in narration.
His tafsir became a primary reference for later scholars of the Sunnah.

Ibn Khuzaymah — d. 311H

Abu Bakr al-Khallal — d. 311H

Author of Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, compiled with strict conditions for authenticity.
Known for precision in creed-related narrations based on clear texts.
Among the leading imams in hadith memorization and verification.
His legal understanding was directly tied to authentic narrations.
Referred to by later scholars as an imam of hadith without exaggeration.

Abu Bakr al-Khallal — d. 311H

Primary compiler of Ahmad ibn Hanbal’s statements and positions.
Preserved the fiqh and creed of Imam Ahmad through extensive collection.
His works became foundational for later Hanbali scholarship.
Travelled to gather Ahmad’s opinions directly from his students.
Without him, much of Ahmad’s methodology would not have been preserved.

Ibn al-Mundhir — d. 318H

Abu Bakr al-Khallal — d. 311H

Abu Ja‘far al-Tahawi — d. 321H

Imam in comparative fiqh grounded in hadith evidence.
Authored works documenting ijma (scholarly consensus) and differences with proof.
Known for fairness in presenting opinions without partisanship.
His methodology prioritized authentic narration over speculation.
Frequently cited by later jurists for evidentiary clarity.

Abu Ja‘far al-Tahawi — d. 321H

Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi — d. 327H

Abu Ja‘far al-Tahawi — d. 321H

Author of al-‘Aqidah at-Tahawiyyah, summarizing the creed of the early scholars.
Combined fiqh expertise with transmitted belief statements.
His creed text was accepted and explained by later imams of the Sunnah.
Known for clarity and restraint in doctrinal matters.
His works preserved early consensus-based belief expressions.

Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi — d. 327H

Among the foremost authorities in hadith criticism and narrator evaluation.
Co-author of al-Jarh wa al-Ta‘dil, foundational in hadith sciences.
Preserved judgments of earlier imams with precision.
Known for extreme caution and methodological rigor.
His works remain indispensable for assessing transmission reliability.

al-Barbahari — d. 329H

Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi — d. 327H

Imam in clarifying the creed and methodology of the Salaf.
Authored Sharh al-Sunnah, outlining foundational principles of belief and practice.
Known for firmness against innovation using transmitted proofs.
His writings emphasize adherence to the way of the early generations.
Frequently cited by later scholars in matters of Sunnah and deviation.

Ibn Hibban — d. 354H / 355H

al-Tabarani — d. 360H / 362H

Ibn Hibban — d. 354H / 355H

Among the major imams of hadith memorization and classification.
Author of Sahih Ibn Hibban, compiled with defined principles for accepting narrators.
Clarified categories of reliability among transmitters in his critical works.
Combined vast narration with methodological explanation of hadith criticism.
His writings influenced later refinement of hadith sciences.

al-Ajurri — d. 360H / 361H

al-Tabarani — d. 360H / 362H

Ibn Hibban — d. 354H / 355H

Imam in clarifying belief and Sunnah through transmitted texts.
Author of ash-Shari‘ah, preserving the creed of the Salaf with evidences.
Emphasized obedience, unity, and rejection of innovation based on reports.
Relied heavily on narrations of the Companions and early generations.
His work became foundational in matters of creed.

al-Tabarani — d. 360H / 362H

Author of the three Mu‘jams, preserving vast numbers of narrations.
Travelled extensively collecting hadith with their chains.
Preserved rare reports not found in other major compilations.
Known for breadth of transmission rather than selective restriction.
His works became essential reference collections for later scholars.

al-Daraqutni — d. 385H

al-Hakim al-Naysaburi — d. 403H / 405H

al-Tabarani — d. 360H / 362H

Imam of his time in identifying hidden defects in hadith.
Master of variant chains and narrator comparison.
Authored works exposing subtle errors in transmission.
Consulted by scholars regarding complex hadith issues.
His expertise defined advanced hadith criticism.

al-Hakim al-Naysaburi — d. 403H / 405H

Author of al-Mustadrak, collecting hadith meeting earlier criteria.
Preserved numerous authentic narrations not included elsewhere.
His work prompted scholarly review refining hadith evaluation standards.
Student of major hadith authorities of his era.
Played a major role in preserving hadith material.

al-Lalika’i — d. 418H / 419H

al-Hakim al-Naysaburi — d. 403H / 405H

Author of Sharh Usul I‘tiqad Ahl al-Sunnah, documenting creed with chains.
Preserved statements of the Companions and early imams on belief.
Relied entirely on transmitted evidence without speculative reasoning.
His work remains among the most comprehensive in narrated creed.
Established a clear reference for the beliefs of the Salaf.

Abu Nu‘aym al-Isfahani

Author of Hilyat al-Awliya, preserving biographies with narration.
Combined hadith transmission with historical documentation.
Maintained chains while recording scholars and worshippers.
Preserved early scholarly networks and learning paths.
Frequently cited in hadith and biographical literature.

al-Bayhaqi — d. 458H

Abu Nu‘aym al-Isfahani

Among the foremost imams in linking fiqh to authentic hadith.
Author of as-Sunan al-Kubra and works clarifying evidentiary rulings.
Demonstrated how legal positions rest upon transmitted proof.
Student of al-Hakim and inheritor of hadith methodology.
His works became foundational in hadith-based jurisprudence.

al-Bayhaqi — d. 458H

Abu Nu‘aym al-Isfahani

al-Khatib al-Baghdadi — d. 463H

Among the foremost imams in linking fiqh to authentic hadith.
Author of as-Sunan al-Kubra and works clarifying evidentiary rulings.
Demonstrated how legal positions rest upon transmitted proof.
Student of al-Hakim and inheritor of hadith methodology.
His works became foundational in hadith-based jurisprudence.

al-Khatib al-Baghdadi — d. 463H

Imam in the principles of hadith transmission and narrator conduct.
Author of al-Kifayah and Tarikh Baghdad, combining hadith, biography, and methodology.
Clarified conditions of narration, audition, and written transmission with evidence.
Preserved biographies and chains of thousands of scholars.
Became a foundational reference for later works in hadith sciences.

Ibn Abd al-Barr — d. 463H

al-Khatib al-Baghdadi — d. 463H

Abu al-Walid al-Baji — d. 474H

Among the greatest imams in combining hadith, fiqh, and consensus.
Author of at-Tamhid and al-Istidhkar, grounding legal rulings in narration.
Preserved statements of the Companions and early jurists extensively.
Clarified points of agreement and disagreement with evidence.
His works are relied upon across the madhahib.

Abu al-Walid al-Baji — d. 474H

al-Khatib al-Baghdadi — d. 463H

Abu al-Walid al-Baji — d. 474H

Imam in hadith and legal reasoning among the Maliki scholars of al-Andalus.
Travelled eastward to acquire hadith and returned transmitting with precision.
Authored works reconciling transmitted evidence with juristic principles.
Defended the authority of hadith in legal deduction.
Played a major role in transmitting eastern scholarship westward.

al-Baghawi — d. 516H

Among the clearest transmitters of Sunnah for the general Ummah.
Author of Sharh al-Sunnah and Masabih al-Sunnah.
Selected narrations carefully and clarified their meanings.
Preserved tafsir reports from the early generations.
His works became widely accepted teaching texts.

Qadi Iyad — d. 544H

al-Baghawi — d. 516H

Major imam in hadith transmission and legal scholarship.
Author of ash-Shifa, preserving narrations concerning the Prophet ﷺ.
Preserved chains and reports relied upon by later scholars.
Combined narration with careful legal understanding.
His works spread widely across the western Islamic lands.

al-Sam‘ani — d. 562H

al-Baghawi — d. 516H

al-Sam‘ani — d. 562H

Imam in genealogy, biography, and hadith transmission.
Author of al-Ansab, identifying scholars through lineage and nisbah.
Preserved vast numbers of scholarly chains and networks.
Travelled extensively seeking narration and verification.
His work aids precise identification of transmitters.

Ibn Asakir — d. 571H

Abu Tahir al-Silafi — d. 576H / 577H

al-Sam‘ani — d. 562H

Among the greatest historians and hadith transmitters of his era.
Author of Tarikh Dimashq, preserving biographies with chains.
Travelled extensively gathering hadith and historical reports.
Preserved narrations of thousands of scholars across generations.
His work remains an unmatched biographical repository.

Abu Tahir al-Silafi — d. 576H / 577H

Leading hadith authority of his time in Alexandria.
Travelled widely and taught large numbers of students.
Preserved rare narrations and high chains.
Served as a major link between earlier and later hadith scholars.
His narrations appear frequently in later hadith works.

Ibn al-Jawzi — d. 597H

Abu Tahir al-Silafi — d. 576H / 577H

Among the most prolific scholars in hadith, history, admonition, and refutation.
Authored works distinguishing authentic narrations from fabrications.
Strong in warning against exaggeration and deviation in religious practice.
Preserved large bodies of early reports and scholarly admonitions.
Played a major role in correcting errors that spread among preachers and storytellers.

Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi — d. 600H

Imam in memorization and precision of hadith transmission.
Author of al-Kamal fi Asma al-Rijal, foundational for later narrator works.
Known for strict adherence to narration and rejection of weak reports.
Travelled extensively seeking high chains and verification.
His work became the basis for later rijal compilations.

Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi — d. 620H

Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi — d. 600H

Imam in fiqh grounded firmly upon textual evidence.
Author of al-Mughni, compiling legal issues with proofs and earlier opinions.
Preserved and systematized Hanbali jurisprudence.
Known for balance between narration, legal reasoning, and worship.
His works remain central references in fiqh.

Ibn al-Salah — d. 643H / 644H

Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi — d. 600H

Ibn al-Salah — d. 643H / 644H

Author of the most influential introduction to hadith sciences.
Systematized terminology and categories used in hadith evaluation.
His work became the foundation for nearly all later hadith manuals.
Clarified principles governing authenticity, weakness, and transmission.
Shaped the structure of hadith methodology for centuries.

al-Diya al-Maqdisi — d. 643H

Majd al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah — d. 652H

Ibn al-Salah — d. 643H / 644H

Imam in careful hadith selection and verification.
Author of al-Ahadith al-Mukhtarah, selecting rigorously authenticated reports.
Focused on narrations meeting strict acceptance criteria.
Travelled widely collecting and comparing chains.
Preserved narrations not found in the major collections.

Majd al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah — d. 652H

Leading Hanbali jurist and hadith scholar of his era.
Grandfather of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah.
Authored works grounding legal rulings in narration.
Preserved earlier Hanbali methodology and textual reliance.
Served as a major link between earlier and later scholarship.

Abu Shama al-Maqdisi — d. 665H

Majd al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah — d. 652H

Historian and hadith scholar documenting scholarly developments.
Preserved accounts of learning, transmission, and major events.
Combined narration with historical precision.
Critiqued innovations through documented reports.
His works inform later historical understanding.

Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi — d. 676H

Ahmad ibn Abd al-Halim Ibn Taymiyyah — d. 728H

Imam in hadith explanation, legal reasoning, and ascetic scholarship.
Author of Riyad al-Salihin and al-Arba‘in.
Produced authoritative commentary on Sahih Muslim.
Known for precision, sincerity, and reliance on transmitted proof.
His works became universal teaching texts.

Ahmad ibn Abd al-Halim Ibn Taymiyyah — d. 728H

Imam in returning disputed matters directly to the Qur’an, Sunnah, and understanding of the Salaf.
Revived clarification of creed, worship, and methodology through transmitted proofs.
Distinguished between consensus, valid disagreement, and innovation with evidence.
Authored extensive works refuting deviations using narration and early reports.
Became a central reference point for later scholars in creed, fiqh, and hadith.

Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi — d. 748H

Ahmad ibn Abd al-Halim Ibn Taymiyyah — d. 728H

Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah — d. 751H

Greatest authority of his time in biographical evaluation and narrator criticism.
Author of Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’ and Mizan al-I‘tidal.
Balanced historical documentation with precise hadith assessment.
Preserved generations of scholars with accurate chains and judgments.
His evaluations are relied upon across hadith sciences.

Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah — d. 751H

Abd al-Rahman Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali — d. 795H

Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah — d. 751H

Among the most precise scholars in extracting rulings directly from evidence.
Clarified matters of worship, belief, and conduct through transmitted texts.
Authored works uniting legal reasoning with narration.
Explained heart-related acts based on Qur’an and Sunnah reports.
His writings deeply influenced later scholarship.

Ismail ibn Umar Ibn Kathir — d. 774H

Abd al-Rahman Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali — d. 795H

Imam in tafsir grounded firmly in transmitted reports.
Author of Tafsir Ibn Kathir, prioritizing Qur’an, Sunnah, and early explanations.
Preserved historical narration through al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah.
Student of Ibn Taymiyyah and al-Dhahabi.
His works remain primary references in tafsir and history.

Abd al-Rahman Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali — d. 795H

Master in explaining hadith with depth and precision.
Author of Jami‘ al-‘Ulum wal-Hikam.
Preserved early Hanbali understanding through narration.
Clarified inward actions with textual proofs.
His works combine scholarly rigor with heart-softening reports.

Zayn al-Din al-Iraqi — d. 806H

Ahmad ibn Ali Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani — d. 852H

Leading authority in hadith sciences of his era.
Authored works refining classification and terminology.
Known for precision in tracing chains and sources.
Teacher of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani.
Preserved methodological rigor in hadith evaluation.

Ahmad ibn Ali Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani — d. 852H

Foremost hadith authority of his century.
Author of Fath al-Bari, the definitive commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari.
Master in narrator criticism and hadith reconciliation.
Systematized vast earlier scholarship.
His judgments became final references for later scholars.

Ala al-Din al-Mardawi — d. 884H / 885H

Ahmad ibn Ali Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani — d. 852H

Ala al-Din al-Mardawi — d. 884H / 885H

Authority in Hanbali jurisprudence and legal verification.
Author of al-Insaf, clarifying relied-upon positions.
Distinguished strong views from weak ones within the school.
Preserved accuracy in legal attribution.
His work standardized later Hanbali fiqh.

Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi — d. 902H

Ala al-Din al-Mardawi — d. 884H / 885H

Leading student and inheritor of Ibn Hajar’s hadith methodology.
Authored works preserving principles of narration and scholarly conduct.
Clarified chains, transmissions, and historical reports with precision.
Defended hadith sciences through documented evidence.
Served as a major bridge transmitting Ibn Hajar’s legacy.

Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti — d. 911H

Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi — d. 902H

Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti — d. 911H

Among the most prolific preservers of earlier scholarship.
Compiled, summarized, and transmitted vast bodies of hadith and tafsir.
Authored works organizing hadith sciences and legal evidences.
Preserved classical material that might otherwise have been lost.
His compilations became gateways to earlier sources.

Zakariyya al-Ansari — d. 926H

Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi — d. 902H

Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti — d. 911H

Imam in fiqh, hadith, and judicial scholarship of his era.
Teacher of major later scholars including al-Suyuti.
Authored works refining legal and hadith methodology.
Known for precision in teaching and transmission.
Served as a central authority in scholarship and instruction.

the imams

preservers & transmitters of Sunnah & fiqh

Hammad ibn Usamah — d. 201H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

an-Nadr ibn Shumayl — d. 203H

an-Nadr ibn Shumayl — d. 203H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

an-Nadr ibn Shumayl — d. 203H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi — d. 204H

Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi — d. 204H

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i — d. 204H

Wahb ibn Jarir — d. 206H

Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi — d. 204H

Yazid ibn Harun — d. 206H

Yazid ibn Harun — d. 206H

Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi — d. 204H

Yazid ibn Harun — d. 206H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Firyabi — d. 212H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

al-Makki ibn Ibrahim — d. 214H / 215H

‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam as-San‘ani — d. 211H

al-Makki ibn Ibrahim — d. 214H / 215H

‘Affan ibn Muslim — d. 219H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

al-Makki ibn Ibrahim — d. 214H / 215H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

Abu ‘Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam — d. 224H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi — d. 220H

Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam — d. 224H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam — d. 224H

Sulayman ibn Harb — d. 224H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Sa‘id ibn Abi Maryam — d. 224H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Ahmad ibn Yunus — d. 227H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Sa‘id ibn Mansur al-Marwazi — d. 227H

Nu‘aym ibn Hammad — d. 228H / 229H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Yusuf ibn Yahya al-Buwayti — d. 231H

Yahya ibn Ma‘in — d. 233H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

Ibn Abi Shaybah — d. 235H

‘Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Madini — d. 234H

Ishaq ibn Rahawayh — d. 238H

Ishaq ibn Rahawayh — d. 238H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

Ishaq ibn Rahawayh — d. 238H

Qutaybah ibn Sa‘id — d. 240H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

Abu Thawr Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi — d. 240H

Ahmad ibn Hanbal — d. 241H

Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari — d. 256H

Ahmad ibn Hanbal — d. 241H

Imam ad-Darimi — d. 255H

Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari — d. 256H

Ahmad ibn Hanbal — d. 241H